Mar. 8: Content Analysis
Introduction Assignment
Due Date: March 8th, 9:30am
Read: Qualitative Content Analysis
Guided Summary:
- Define content analysis in your own words. These are systems that gives meaning to or describing the meaning of data in a quantitative or qualitative manner.
- Describe the “Little Orphan Annie” content analysis project. Annie was a resourceful woman. She selected her friends in two groups, her orphans friends whom I guess were the people who she grew up with, and her rich friends whom she used to request help to. She was into charities and on her study she classified as good the people who had resources and were willing to help others as well as organizations. As lazy people the part of the community who were unwilling to lean a hand, those who enslaved other minorities and Hitlel because they never or almost never contributed to her cause. On her study she came up with 5 important questions to her which she analyzed for two years before arising to a conclusion and classify each of the groups.
- What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative content analysis? Kracauer pointed out that meaning of quantitative is often complex, holistic, context dependent, and that it is not necessarily apparent at first sight. Quantitative is its flexibility. Qualitative content analysis typically combines varying portions of concept-driven and data-driven categories within any one coding frame. Meaning: quantitative is more encompassing and qualitative is more simple, introducing more concepts and as it is states being more flexible.
- Copy the list from Box 12.1 onto your site page.
Deciding on a research question.
Selecting material.
Building a coding frame.
Segmentation.
Trial coding.
Evaluating and modifying the coding frame.
Main analysis.
Presenting and interpreting the findings. - What is a coding frame? What are main categories and subcategories?
The coding frame is at the heart of the method. It consists of at least one main category and at least two subcategories. Main categories are those aspects of the material about which the researcher would like more information, and subcategories specify what is said in the material with respect to these main categories. - Explain the following in your own words:
Unidimensionality: this refers to and are only limited to the main ideas of the frame
Mutual exclusivity: this refers to any second category that should be created when there is an existing first category in the frame
Exhaustiveness: this part should include all material in the sense of equality. This one is part of an inclusive code frame.
In short all three complement each other because one depends on the other after the circle is started and must be finished to assure an quality in the coding frame. - Compare and contrast concept-driven and data-driven code generation.
They can be compared because they are used as a combination to create a perfect or inclusive information that results all the data given, they are contrasted in a sense that their functions are different s since concept bases its category es on previous knowledge and data driven follows a pattern towards the new information to discover. - Why are code definitions so important?
Because this gives meaning since it follows a order in the frame. - How are formal and thematic segmentation different?
In the formal there are some specifications important s that are pertinent to the construction of the coding, this includes sentences formation and wording. While thematic is more a focus on choosing a subject or topics to be includes in the coding - What are two ways to present content analysis data?
There is the qualitative and the quantitative content analysis data - What are the limitations of the content analysis method?
It is limited to the description of manifest communication content
Read: Ideology and US History Textbooks
Guided Summary:
- Why does the author choose textbooks to analyze ideology?
The author has observed that in the last 50 years the selection of English teaching materials has gone through stages, from a coverage of one or two foci to a full coverage of the life of the native speakers. It has been found that ideology and culture influence the selection of teaching materials and these materials in turn reinforce those images in the minds of the learners. - Describe the materials she used for the analysis. Where do they come from?
The author reviews surveys books, scholarly articles, and any other sources relevant to a particular issue, area of research, or theory, and by so doing, provides a description, summary, and critical evaluation of these works in relation to the research problem being investigated. Literature reviews are designed to provide an overview of sources you have explored while researching a particular topic and to demonstrate to your readers how your research fits within a larger field of study. - Why did she choose the years she chose for her analysis?
When being reflexive, researchers should not try to simply ignore or avoid their own biases (as this would likely be impossible); instead, reflexivity requires researchers to reflect upon and clearly articulate their position and subjectivities (world view, perspectives, biases), so that readers can better understand the filters through which questions were asked, data were gathered and analyzed, and findings were reported. - What is the authors critique of the term ”progress” in relations to the Progressive Era?
The author defines this era of relatively egalitarian economic and political reform continued through the presidencies of William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson until the 1920s. - How is the description of laborers based? What does it leave out?
Laborers are described as workers who take up various supporting tasks in warehouses, construction sites or other settings (e.g. factories). According to this definition, it does not define these workers may have an important assisting role in constructing highways, buildings or other structures, and they may also transport materials and equipment. - How are industrialists portrayed in the textbooks?
he Industrial Revolution led to rapid changes in people’s living and working conditions. In response to poor working conditions, labor movements organized alliances known as unions and pushed for reforms. Reform movements happened around the world but started in Britain and the United States. They focused on labor rights, social welfare, women’s rights, and working to end slavery.
The Industrial Revolution brought major changes to societies. These changes began in Great Britain and the United States before spreading to other parts of the world, and this particular article will focus on those two societies as case studies. Other articles will take a more global view. - How are unions potrayed in textbooks?
A badly broken system governing collective bargaining has eroded unions and worker power more broadly, contributing to both the suffering during the pandemic and the extreme economic inequality exacerbated by the pandemic. In spite of efforts to push policy reforms. As a result, working people, particularly low-wage workers—who are disproportionately women and workers of color—have largely borne the costs of the pandemic. While providing the “essential” services we rely on, many of these workers have been forced to work without protective gear; many have no access to paid sick leave; and when workers have spoken up about health and safety concerns, they have been fired. - How do textbooks serve the interests of powerful groups, according to the aurthor?
The author shows that the textbook becomes a site of struggle against the myth of the school curriculum as a neutral form of knowledge. It legitimates selective forms of knowledge and culture underlying supposedly democratic reforms heavily influenced by conservative economic and political forces, eclipsing the historical experiences and cultural expression of the less powerful. Though textbooks are cultural artifacts participating in the social organization of knowledge, they are not simply products consumed by an unwitting, passive readership on whom their content is imposed. Response to a text may be that of domination, negotiation, or opposition. - Why is identifying the power relations in content important?
Power represents the capacity of one person or group to secure compliance from another person or group. Nothing is said here about the right to secure compliance—only the ability. In contrast, authority represents the right to seek compliance by others; the exercise of authority is backed by legitimacy. If a manager instructs a secretary to type certain letters, he presumably has the authority to make such a request. However, if the same manager asked the secretary to run personal errands, this would be outside the bounds of the legitimate exercise of authority.
